Untitled Document

	Standing Figure Paul T. Cassedy Standing Figure Unknown Artist circa 1200 B.C. Bronze Method: Bronze Casting Subject: A stylized figure standing 8’ 5” tall on a platform formed of animal heads. Reason: The reason for this piece is unknown but it was the most dramatic piece found in the excavation of Guanghan Sanxingdui, and the only known representation of a human figure on this scale.

Endless Column Paul T. Cassedy Endless Column Constantin Brancusi 1938 metal-coated cast-iron modules Method: 15 steel beads were made and then threaded onto an iron core. Subject: Geometrically shaped beads stretching towards the sky. Reason: This sculpture was created in memory of the Romanian soldiers who died in World War 1. It forms an ensemble with 2 other pieces, the Table of Silence, and the Gate of the Kiss.

.	Kwakiutl Alert Bay Sarah Davis Late 19th century Wood, feathers, rope, and paint Method: Wood Carving Subject: Animals and mythological creatures Reason: This (Northwestern Coast) mask was created for males to use in their dramatic public performances in the winter ceremonial season. Masks similar to Kwakiutl were meant to be seen in flickering firelight, while it rapidly opened and closed. This created the illusion that the wearer could transform himself from human to eagle as he danced.

Dan's Rico Sarah Davis Puerto Rican Light Dan Flavin 1965 Red, pink, and yellow fluorescent light Method: Arranged fluorescent lights to make a figure Subject: Time Reason: This display was made to create a unique environment that consists of eternity and neutrality. The contrast between the fluorescent lights and the wall emphasizes the darkness. The lights are bunched together to highlight the colors as intensely vivid. As stated by Robert Smithson, “Flavin turns gallery space into gallery time.” Dan Flavin displayed his unique style through his Puerto Rican Light, where it is stressed that the piece can disappear at any moment when the light switch is turned off.

	Francois Girardon Abigail L. Faelnar Apollo circa 1675 A.D. Bronze Cast Method Terracotta Subject Apollo the sun god, who was also the symbol of Louis XIV Reason This piece, because of its scale and detail, was most likely a finished model of a sculpture to be presented for a patron’s approval. Francois Girardon based Apollo on a sketch created by the first painter of Louis XIV, Charles Le Brun. Perhaps this specific piece was created for palace at Versailles because not only was the sun god a symbol of Louis XIV, but also because the king was the main source of the sculptor’s commissions.

Camel Abigail Faelnar Eastern Wei Dynasty (534–550), Earthenware Method: Clay Subject: Sculpture of a kneeling camel Reason: This piece was one of the two distinctive camel sculptures excavated in 1979 from the tomb of the Princess Lihne (538-555). The camel carries rolls of cloth and saddlebags and the resting of the left knee signify that the camel is either kneeling down or standing up. The tomb of the Ruru Princess was located in the Hebei Province in China, and from the fifth to the eighth century, sculptures were standard in burials. Princess Lihne’s own tomb contained over 1,640 sculptures.

Double Flute Player Jessica Haynsworth Double-Flute Player Artist Unknown circa I-II millenium B.C. Marble Method Hammer and chisel Subject Parian marble idol, from Keros Reason This idol was created for funerary purposes. The reason for this belief is because the way the feet were positioned indicates that it was not meant to stand up. The size is no more than three centimeters long and was created from bleached white rock. The idol is very primitive, carved into geometric shapes such as triangular noses and flat ears. The interesting and artistic thing about this piece and other marble idols from the time were that they bear no anatomical resemblance to an actual human body, making it very abstract. This idol was one of the first at the time to be created using simple proportions based on relationships between the different parts of the body.

	*Sanni Mask* Jessica Haynsworth Artist Unknown circa 19th century Wood Method carving and painting on wood Subject sanni mask from Sri Lanka Reason This mask was created for ancient ceremonies in Sri Lanka called sanni yakuma, where dancers would wear sanni masks representing demons that brought disease. When dancers would wear this mask they would hope to exorcise the demons inside the person who was “possessed” or really just disabled. This mask was 7 and ¾ inches tall and was believed to be a sanni mask representing the inability to hear. These mask were believed to restore health to the sufferer and there were many sanni masks representing other disabilities that had much larger and ornate designs then this mask.

Degas' Ballerina Nikki Jamison Little Dancer, Aged Fourteen Edgar Degas circa 1878-1881 Bronze Method: Bronze Sculpture Subject: A little ballerina dancer, fourteen years old Reason: This sculpture of the little ballerina was created by Edgar Degas because he was concerned with grasping the essential qualities of movement, both human and equine. He was also a talented painter and drawer. There is evidence that he might have been losing his eyesight over the last half of his lifetime and created this sculpture to help him with his other works. The statue itself is very unusual even today regardless of its small size. There is also an extraordinary use of clothing and other materials; the dancer is adorned with a real tutu, bodice and shoes. Degas was also a life long bachelor and enjoyed painting, drawing and sculpting various dancers throughout his lifetime.

	Guardian Figure Mbulu-Ngulu Nikki Jamison Unknown Artist 19th and 20th centuries. Wood, Copper, Iron, Brass Method Unknown Subject Kota Reliquary Guardian Figure Reason This Abstract Kota Reliquary Guardian Figure was made to emphasize the head and headdress. It was intentional to leave out reference to the body, in exception to the diamond shape that may have been created to show the arms below the head.

Swift Horse Bryn Jorgensen Year 2nd century AD Artist unknown Method Bronze Subject Pacing horse Reason The Chinese made many sculptures and artifacts to be put into the tombs of famous rulers. This horse is an example of one that was found in a tomb at Lei-t'ai, Kansu during the Eastern Han Dynasty. In this statue, the horse is shaped pacing with its legs stretched out and it is perched upon a small bird. The horse is acting like its wings.

	Kore Figure Bryn Jorgensen Kore of Euthydicos unknown circa 480 BC Marble Method: Marble Sculpture Subject: A young Greek maiden Reason: The Kore sculptures were mainly created to indicate the main features of the human body in perfect symmetry. Unlike the kouros sculptures, the kore figures were always clothed. Their hair on the statue was always either curled or in beads and were at all times conformed to the head. The face was fairly flat, with high cheek bones, large eyes, and a square jaw. The nose and forehead were often the same way with the ears level with the temple and carved in a spiral shape.

Loving couple (Mithuna) Jolene Rencher Artist: Unknown (circa Eastern Ganga dynasty, 13th century) Medium: Ferruginous Stone Method: Hammer and chisel Subject: Couple in love scene Reason: The reason this piece of art was created was to go on the outside of a Hindu Temple. Hindu temples usually depict holy figures. There’re usually decorated by images such as beautiful women, musicians, and loving couples (Mithunas). This figure shows two people in love and holding each other close while staring into each other’s eyes. This piece could have many different meaning but the main one is a loving couple in love and enjoying life.

		Brooch in the Form of a Bird of Prey Jolene Rencher Artist: (unknown)) Eastern Europe and Scandinavia, 500-1000 AD Medium: Copper alloy with silver overlay Method: Metal Work Subject: A Brooch for Style Reason: The reason this piece of art was created was to be apart of an outfit. This crouching bird of prey or an eagle, is thought to represent Odin the supreme god of war and battle in Nordic mythology. The design is an early example of the sort of animal motifs that become so important in Viking art.

Lauren Reynolds

	She-Wolf Lauren Reynolds Artist Unknown, sixth - fifth century BC, Bronze Method Hammer and chisel Subject Twins Remus and Romulus sucking an Wolf. Reason This statue had a mythical story behind it that led up to the exestance of Rome. Remus and Romulus were the twins of a Etruscans settler and a Vestal. A Vestal is someone that sacrificed her life to keep the sacred fire of a Roman hearth-goddess burning 24 hours a day. When the king found that The Vestal was no longer a virgin he sent for her and her twins to be killed. The twins were supposed to be drowned but instead they were left by the side of the river. A she- wolf with maternal instincts found them and took care till a Shepard found them. Romulus grew up to find the city of Rome.

Penitent Magdaline Angela Rivera Jean Baptiste Pigalle 1714-1785 Method: Hammer and Chisel Subject: Religious figure, the Virgin Mary Reason: During the early 1700's, religion was an important aspect in everyone's lives. Paintings of religious figures such as Jesus were being portrayed as extremely built and abnormally large human beings. However, during this era, it was the start of paintings portraying religious figures as they truly are: exactly like normal people. In this sculpture, Mary is sad and holding her cloak lightly, with a crown upon her head to symbolize her significance. This sculptures shows Mary in her time of distress after Jesus, her Son, was crucified.
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		Killer Whale Nasca Angela Rivera Early Intermediate Period Method: Ceramic Subject: Killer Whale Reason: The Killer Whale sculpture was created in Peru during the period of 1-700 AD. It was a time when people were making sculptures of animals and objects they either encountered or heard about. Which would explain its appearance is rather different from the actual appearance of a whale.

	Seated Scribe Celeste Beyers Artist (Unknown) beginning of Dynasty 5, c. 2475 BCE Medium limestone Method hammer and chisel Subject Seated Egyptian Scribe Reason Scribes occupied a privileged position in ancient Egypt. Egyptians used the size of their sculptures to show the social order. The pharaoh was larger then life size, scribes and court officials were life size, and workers and peasants always shown working. Sculptures of scribes were made to accompany the pharaoh at death in their tomb so when they went onto the next life they would have their scribe

An Anxious Friend Celeste Byers Artist: Max Ernst Method of Creation Bronze Subject An Anxious Friend Reason This statue was created during World War 2 and the Holocaust in a terrible time where over 30 million people died. Max Ernst served in World War 1 and made this sculpture 2 years after he fled to the United States from France with his 1st wife, Peggy Guggenheim, since he was interned as an enemy alien.

	Michael Jackson and Bubbles Darline Cabrera Jeff Koons c.1988 Method: Ceramic. Subject: Michael Jackson is sitting down on the ground with leaves all around him and bubbles (monkey) on his lap. Reason: This was made to show that famous people have normal lives just like everyone else. Because people in the 20th century think that famous people have costumed lives. This painting is showing Michael Jackson sitting down with a monkey having a good day just like any other human being.

Evolving Form Alexander Chee Evolving Form Italo Scanga 1962 Copper Method Hammer, metal cutter, oxyacetylene torch Subject Abstract statue of a shell exposing tubing. Reason This statue does not have very much information about it. It was made in 1962, the year Italo Scanga’s daughter was born. It can be said that this influenced the making of the piece. Perhaps the name “Evolving Form” has to do with the evolving fetus of his daughter. The egg shaped metal shell could symbolize either the egg or womb of the mother and how something magical and marvelous is starting to take form.

	Untitled Alex Chee Made in Gurunsi, Burkina Faso ~1900 Wood Method Unknown Subject Antelope Reason The statues and masks of the Burkina Faso were usually made of wood. The most common subject of the masks was animals. This particular mask looks like a rabbit to the modern eye but it is believed to be an antelope. The masks of the Gurunsi were supposed to represent spirits. The mask here can be identified as a supernatural spirit due to its protuberant mouth.

		Indestructible Object Kevin Cisneros Man Ray circa 1923, remade 1933 Wooden Metronome and Photography Method Wooden Metronome and Photography Subject Time Reason He experimented using the metronome to time brush strokes much like a pianist would when pressing the keys. It would tick faster, he would paint faster. If it stopped he knew he had been painting for too long. He though a painter needed and audience so he clipped a cut out of an eye onto the arm of the metronome to give the illusion of him being watched as he painted. One day he could not stand the sight of it any longer and deemed it the Object of Destruction and smashed it into pieces. He later remade the piece in 1933 due to exhibition requests.

	Bust of Nefertiti Elizabeth Corbin The Bust of Nefertiti Artist Unknown Circa 1379 to 1362 B.C Medium Limestone Method Sculpture Subject Queen Nefertiti Reason To honor her The Bust of Nefertiti is one of the world’s oldest and most famous creations. It was excavated in the ruins of an unknown sculpture’s work shop. Along side her bust was a smaller statue of her husband, Akhenaton. This is an amazing thing to find a smaller statue of a pharaoh along side a larger bust of his queen. This shows the relationship of the rulers during their seventeen year rule. Nefertiti and Akhenaton ruled along side each other equally. It is said that is was Nefertiti, not Akhenaton, who actually truly ruled Egypt. Nefertiti is regarded today as being one of the most beautiful and powerful women to have ever lived.

	Giacometti's The Couple Jaleisha Jackson The Couple Alberto Giacometti 1926 Bronze Method Hammer and chisel. Subject A man and a woman Reason Before Giacometti created The Couple he was involved in an unsuccessful romantic relationship with his cousin. After that experience swore off romantic relationships and turned towards prostitutes for sexual stimulation. He didn’t want the complications or disappointments of emotional involvement. Giacometti was most known for his defiance of figuration and his involvement in the Existentialist movement. The Couple was taken purely from his imagination During the time when Giacometti created The Couple, he was experimenting with cubist style of art.

Shiva Jaleisha Jackson Shiva is one of the three main gods of the Hindu religion. Shiva is the God of Destruction. Shiva is widely worshiped by followers of Hinduism. Hindus build alters and sculptures dedicated solely to the Shiva. Hindus believe that Shiva resides on a snowy mountain, adorned in lots of gold jewelry. He has snakes coiling all over his body. The crescent moon that’s attached to his crown signifies his control on the time cycle. He is often drawn or sculpted with a meditative look on his face, signifying that his act of destruction is in itself an act of creation “for in the absence of destruction there can be no creation.”

	Lobster Telephone Megan MacLaggan Salvador Dali 1936 Method : Found Object Subject: A lobster atop a telephone Reason Salvador Dali created Lobster Telephone during a time where Surrealism was just beginning to become popular. Dali took two normally seen items and put then together to create something abnormal. Apart the objects would not make anyone look twice, but once combined, they became a conversation piece. The meaning behind this piece is meant to me left to the viewer, one interpretation as valid as the next. When I think of the meaning behind this sculpture, I think of the pain that can be caused by colourful gossip. There’s this bright colourful creature atop a telephone, but you may want think twice before touching it, because you just might get pinched. Dali’s interest in Freudian psychology is said to have greatly influenced his work during this period. Lobster Telephone is 17.8 x 33 x 17.8 and is made of plastic, painted plaster, and mixed media.

Ganga Megan MacLaggan India Method: sculpted plaster Subject: Ganga, the Hindu river goddess Reason: Ganga is the Hindu rover goddess. In the Hindu religion, gods and goddesses are commonly celebrated through art, such as the sculpture I chose to recreate. Important details of the sculpture are unknown, such as it’s size, the artist, and the year it was created.

Terracotta Soldier Henry Sinong Clay Soldier China 280 B.C.; Clay and Terracotta Method: Clay; Terracotta Subject: Soldiers Reason: The reason behind these soldiers was to make an army of clay soldiers that stand guard near the Chinese city of Xian. For 2,000 years they stood day and night keeping watch over the tomb of Shi Huangdi. Recently, archaeologists uncovered more of these ancient clay statues. Each clay figure was made one at a time and no molds were used. Each soldier had a different face, probably the likeness of a real soldier. Each was made slightly larger than the real person. Some of the soldiers carried real spears and swords.

	Fountain Henry Sinong Urinal Marcel Duchamp (märsel´ düshäN´) France No. 2, 1917, remade 1964 Method: Glazed ceramic with black paint Subject: Urinal Reason: Although the exact reason is unknown, this kind of art was known to be surrealism. Surrealism was introduced in the climate of revolt after the horrors of the First World War. (1914-1918) In 1971, Marcel Duchamp labeled a urinal an art work, a sculpture. Marcel Duchamp visualized a bizarre representation in female’s anatomy, it was designed for a vertical drop and serves the function of horizontally directed discharge like the males. Basically it was designed as a female and male urinal put together and he called it a sculpture.

Picasso Chris Snyder untitled Picasso 1965-model by Picasso; 1967-sculptuer by the U.S. Steel Corporation Steel Method Designed by Picasso and built by the U.S Steel Corporation Subject Unknown, some believe it is a lion, an angel or a horse Reason The city of Chicago was looking for an artist to create a large sculpture that would compliment the Civic Center which was to be built soon. They approached Picasso and asked him to design the sculpture. He created a 42 inch model, which was transformed into the 50 ft. tall figure which now stands outside the Richard M. Daley Center in Chicago. Picasso did not accept payment for the statue, stating that it was a gift to the people of Chicago. Unfortunately, he died before he was able to come to the United States and see his creation.

	Ewer in the form of a bird Chris Snider Sulayman 796 Brass with silver and copper inlayMethod Unknown Subject A bird Reason Islamic palaces contained many items which portrayed the Islamic people’s love of sumptuous materials and rich patterns. This piece was done without fear of accusations of fashioning an idol. The surface of the bird changes along its body, from actual feathers to inlayed medallions to an inscribed collar around its neck. Full of many vivid patterns and covered in silver and copper, this piece was made mainly for decoration than anything else.

	Cedar Piece Bill Tobin Carl Andre 1959 Method Cedar wood Subject N/A Reason This was one of Carl Andre’s first forays into the world of art, being both one of his earliest and most distinctive works. It was constructed in 1959 using cedar wood, stacked vertically and notched and fitted where they cross, to form a distinctive “X” shape on every side of the piece. Unfortunately, it was later destroyed, but was reconstructed in 1964 using fir wood rather then cedar. When asked about the piece, Andre cited Constantin Brancusi as the most major contributor of influence on the piece.

Carving of the God Ekahau Bill Tobin Unknown circa 2000 BCE Method Unknown (Likely a hammer and chisel) Subject The God Ekahau, holding a stave and wearing a headdress. Reason This carving shows the god Ekahau, looking far in the distance, at the road yet to be traveled. He holds in one hand a staff, to assist him in the long journey, and to be used as a tool necessary to keeping a traveler safe and secure. In the other hand, he holds a bag, to hold his supplies, and further ensure his survival by allowing him to gather foods and store catches necessary for his food.